{ "category": "Database functions", "display_name": "DPRODUCT", "entry_kind": "built_in_function", "eval_api": { "method": "POST", "url": "https://handbook.dnacalc.com/api/eval" }, "function_id": "FUNC.DPRODUCT", "implementation_state": { "answer_bank": null, "detail": "Recorded: 3 workbook cells.", "dnacalc_commit": "9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87", "in_catalogue": true, "state": "matches", "state_label": "Matches every recorded Excel answer", "summary": "Matches all 3 recorded answers", "workbook_corpus": { "cells": 3, "matched": 3 } }, "implementations": [ { "commit": "9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87", "flavour": "excel-compatibility-candidate", "language": "Rust", "name": "CalcFunc", "own_code": [ "https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc/blob/9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87/crates/calc-func/src/catalogue/database.rs#L270-L270" ], "repository": "https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc", "shared_code": [ "catalogue/aggregate::reader", "catalogue/aggregate::read_reference", "catalogue/comparison::numbers", "catalogue/comparison::in_band", "catalogue/comparison::Rounded::up", "catalogue/comparison::Roundings::of", "catalogue/comparison::Roundings::disjoint", "catalogue/comparison::texts", "catalogue/comparison/collation::compare", "catalogue/comparison/collation::weighed", "catalogue/comparison/collation::measured_iteration_extension", "catalogue/comparison/sort_key::table", "catalogue/comparison/sort_key::decode64", "catalogue/comparison/sort_key::Reader::byte", "catalogue/comparison/sort_key::Reader::varint", "catalogue/comparison/sort_key::Reader::done", "catalogue/comparison/sort_key::in_ranges", "catalogue/comparison/sort_key::build", "catalogue/comparison/sort_key::han_base", "catalogue/comparison/sort_key::derive", "catalogue/comparison/sort_key::shared_jamo_tails", "catalogue/comparison/sort_key::ordinary_jamo_prefix", "catalogue/comparison/sort_key::independent_jamo_suffix", "catalogue/comparison/sort_key::jamo_leading_primary", "catalogue/comparison/sort_key::leading_order", "catalogue/comparison/sort_key::Before::separate_special", "catalogue/comparison/sort_key::Gathered::kana", "catalogue/comparison/sort_key::Gathered::unit", "catalogue/comparison/sort_key::parts", "catalogue/comparison/sort_key::diacritic_order", "catalogue/comparison/sort_key::diacritics", "catalogue/conditional::range", "catalogue/conditional::row", "catalogue/conditional::offset", "catalogue/conditional::read_range", "catalogue/conditional::verdicts", "catalogue/conditional::used", "catalogue/conditional::Match::of", "catalogue/conditional::Match::negated", "catalogue/conditional::Op::holds", "catalogue/conditional::Op::is_equality", "catalogue/conditional::spells", "catalogue/conditional::criterion", "catalogue/conditional::database_criterion", "catalogue/conditional::rank", "catalogue/conditional::criterion_text", "catalogue/conditional::decided", "catalogue/conditional::Criterion::verdict", "catalogue/conditional::equality", "catalogue/conditional::is_surrogate", "catalogue/conditional::wildcard", "catalogue/database::label", "catalogue/database::same_label", "catalogue/database::field", "catalogue/database::matching", "catalogue/database::criterion_verdict", "catalogue/database::database", "catalogue/database::published", "decimal::low32", "decimal::Natural::from_u64", "decimal::Natural::pow10", "decimal::Natural::normalize", "decimal::Natural::is_zero", "decimal::Natural::mul_add_small", "decimal::Natural::times_pow10", "decimal::Natural::times_pow5", "decimal::Natural::times_pow2", "decimal::ExactDecimal::binary", "ported/excel_numeric::excel_sqrt_staged", "ported/text_kernels::text", "ported/text_kernels::text_from_str", "ported/text_kernels::fold_unit", "ported/text_kernels::push_singleton_or_original", "ported/text_kernels::push_lower", "ported/text_kernels::lower", "ported/variance_common::variance_from_values", "ported/variance_common::stdev_from_values" ], "source": "https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc/blob/9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87/crates/calc-func/src/catalogue/database.rs#L270-L270", "state": "matches", "suite": null, "summary": "Matches all 3 recorded answers" } ], "json_url": "https://handbook.dnacalc.com/api/functions/FUNC.DPRODUCT.json", "name": "DPRODUCT", "notes": [], "schema": "efh.function-reference/v1", "section_order": [ "what-it-does", "try-it", "quirks", "how-to-implement", "version-differences", "alternatives" ], "sections": { "alternatives": "\n### Relationships\n\n\n- **[DSUM](FUNC.DSUM.md)** is the additive counterpart, with the same skip policy and the same\n empty-selection zero — which is the correct additive identity there and the wrong\n multiplicative one here.\n- **Nearest equivalent**: `PRODUCT` combined with `IF`, entered as an array formula, or\n `EXP(SUMIFS(LN(...)))` for strictly positive data. Excel has no `PRODUCTIFS`, which makes\n `DPRODUCT` the only criteria-driven product in the worksheet surface — a genuinely unique role\n in the function catalogue.\n- **Confused with**: `PRODUCT` (no selection stage) and `SUMPRODUCT` (which sums products across\n columns rather than multiplying down one).\n\n\n", "how-to-implement": "\n### Notes for implementers\n\n\n1. **Reduction order is observable.** The family declares a sequential left fold. Floating-point\n multiplication is not associative, so a reassociated or pairwise product will differ in the\n last bits, and on values near the representable range the *order alone* can decide whether an\n intermediate overflows.\n2. **The empty-selection zero must be special-cased.** A fold with initial value `1` gives `1`\n for an empty list, which is mathematically right and behaviourally wrong here. Branch on\n emptiness explicitly.\n3. **Skip, do not coerce.** Admit only cells whose value kind is Number. Coercing blanks to zero\n would turn most real columns into `0`.\n4. **Numeric criteria comparison is not exact double comparison** — see the note in\n [the shared mechanism](FUNC.DAVERAGE.md#numeric-comparison-is-not-exact-double-comparison).\n\n\n", "quirks": "\n### Result and edge cases\n\n\nReturns a Number.\n\n- **No numeric value selected**: `0`. See above; this is the convention, not the empty product.\n- **A single matching value**: that value, unchanged.\n- **A zero anywhere in the value list**: `0`, for the ordinary reason.\n- **Overflow.** Products grow fast. The family's declared real-result policy is\n `non_finite=allow` with no argument-domain guard, meaning the reference implementation does\n not itself convert an overflowing product to `#NUM!` — see\n [result publication](../model/03-call-pipeline.md#stage-4-result-publication) for what that\n axis means. What Excel publishes for an overflowing `DPRODUCT` is unchecked, and it is the\n most consequential open question on this page.\n- **Text that looks numeric in the field column** is skipped, per the range-scan side of the\n asymmetry in\n [coercion and lifting](../model/02-coercion-and-lifting.md#direct-arguments-versus-range-scans).\n- **Logicals in the field column** are skipped, so `TRUE` never contributes a factor of 1 and\n `FALSE` never annihilates the product.\n- **Arrays**: inline array literals resolve to grids and are accepted; `DPRODUCT` is not a lift\n kernel.\n\n\n\n### Errors\n\n\n| Error | Condition |\n|---|---|\n| `#VALUE!` | *database* or *criteria* is not a grid or is empty; a database header cell is blank; a criteria header names no database field; *field* matches no header, or is a non-integer or out-of-range column index |\n| propagated | An error value in a header cell, a criteria cell, or a scanned field cell surfaces as that error |\n\n", "sources": "- Microsoft, \"DPRODUCT function\" —\n \n- Handbook `CHARTER.md` sections 1, 3 and 7; `content/model/06-claim-language.md`.\n- Handbook call-model chapters 02 and 03 (range-scan coercion, error folding, result\n publication and the non-finite axis).\n- [DAVERAGE](FUNC.DAVERAGE.md) — the family's shared criteria-range mechanism.\n- `data/functions/FUNC.DPRODUCT.json` (real-result policy: no argument-domain guard,\n non-finite allowed), `data/presence/FUNC.DPRODUCT.json`.\n\n", "version-differences": "No comparison between specific Excel builds is recorded here yet. This does not establish that all builds behave alike.", "what-it-does": "\n`DPRODUCT(database, field, criteria)` selects the records of *database* that satisfy *criteria*,\nreads the column named by *field*, and returns the product of the numeric values found there.\n\nWith R the set of selected record rows, c the resolved field column, and\n\n V = [ v : v = value of cell (r, c) for r in R, in record order, where v is a Number ]\n\nNon-numeric cells in the field column contribute nothing: text (including text that reads as a\nnumber), logicals, and blanks are skipped rather than coerced. Note the asymmetry with\n[DSUM](FUNC.DSUM.md): skipping a cell is the same as adding zero for a sum, but it is *not* the\nsame as multiplying by one — it is what makes the product well-defined at all, since coercing a\nblank to zero would annihilate every result containing one.\n\nThe selection stage — header matching, AND across a criteria row, OR down the rows, blank\ncriteria cells, and criteria-expression parsing — is identical for all twelve database functions\nand is explained once in\n[the criteria-range mechanism](FUNC.DAVERAGE.md#the-criteria-range-mechanism).\n\n\n\n### Arguments\n\n\nThree arguments, all required at the call site; the reference implementation declares an arity\nof exactly 3.\n\n- **`database`** — the header-plus-records range or array.\n- **`field`** — the column selector, as header text or as a 1-based column index within the\n database range. Required.\n- **`criteria`** — the header-plus-conditions range or array.\n\n\n" }, "signature": { "display": "DPRODUCT(database, field, criteria)", "parameters": [ { "description": null, "name": "database", "optional": false, "repeats": false }, { "description": null, "name": "field", "optional": false, "repeats": false }, { "description": null, "name": "criteria", "optional": false, "repeats": false } ], "trailing_repeats": false }, "sources": { "metadata": { "admission": { "label": "implemented", "reason": null }, "arity": { "max": 3, "min": 3 }, "category": "Database functions", "classification": { "arg_preparation_profile": "RefsVisibleInAdapter", "coercion_lift_profile": "Custom", "determinism_class": "Deterministic", "error_collapse_profile": "ReductionFold", "fec_dependency_profile": "RefOnly", "host_interaction_class": "None", "kernel_signature_class": "Custom", "rich_value_usage": "RichBlind", "surface_fec_dependency_profile": "RefOnly", "thread_safety_class": "SafePure", "volatility_class": "NonVolatile" }, "descriptions": { "long": null, "short": "Product of a database column over the matching records", "short_source": "dna-calc-own" }, "docs": { "english_description": "Multiplies the values in a particular field of records that match the criteria in a database", "microsoft_url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/dproduct-function-4f96b13e-d49c-47a7-b769-22f6d017cb31" }, "entry_kind": "built_in_function", "localized_family_names": null, "localized_names": [ { "locale": "ar-SA", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "bg-BG", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "cs-CZ", "name": "DSOUČIN" }, { "locale": "da-DK", "name": "DPRODUKT" }, { "locale": "de-DE", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "el-GR", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "en-AU", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "en-GB", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "en-US", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "es-ES", "name": "BDPRODUCTO" }, { "locale": "et-EE", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "fi-FI", "name": "TTULO" }, { "locale": "fr-FR", "name": "BDPRODUIT*" }, { "locale": "he-IL", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "hr-HR", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "hu-HU", "name": "AB.SZORZAT" }, { "locale": "id-ID", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "it-IT", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "ja-JP", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "ko-KR", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "lt-LT", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "lv-LV", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "nb-NO", "name": "DPRODUKT" }, { "locale": "nl-NL", "name": "DBPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "pl-PL", "name": "BD.ILOCZYN" }, { "locale": "pt-BR", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "pt-PT", "name": "BDMULTIPL" }, { "locale": "ro-RO", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "ru-RU", "name": "БДПРОИЗВЕД" }, { "locale": "sk-SK", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "sl-SI", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "sr-Latn-RS", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "sv-SE", "name": "DPRODUKT" }, { "locale": "th-TH", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "tr-TR", "name": "VSEÇÇARP işlevi" }, { "locale": "uk-UA", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "vi-VN", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "zh-CN", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "zh-HK", "name": "DPRODUCT" }, { "locale": "zh-TW", "name": "DPRODUCT" } ], "signature": { "display": "DPRODUCT(database, field, criteria)", "parameters": [ { "description": null, "name": "database", "optional": false, "repeats": false }, { "description": null, "name": "field", "optional": false, "repeats": false }, { "description": null, "name": "criteria", "optional": false, "repeats": false } ], "trailing_repeats": false }, "surface_name": "DPRODUCT", "version_marker": null, "xlcall": { "code": "189", "symbol": "xlfDproduct" } }, "microsoft": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/dproduct-function-4f96b13e-d49c-47a7-b769-22f6d017cb31" }, "try_it": { "formula": "=DPRODUCT(B2:D6,\"Amount\",F2:F3)", "inputs": { "B2": "Name", "B3": "A", "B4": "B", "B5": "C", "B6": "D", "C2": "Group", "C3": "East", "C4": "East", "C5": "West", "C6": "East", "D2": "Amount", "D3": 10, "D4": 20, "D5": 30, "D6": 40, "F2": "Group", "F3": "East" } }, "url": "https://handbook.dnacalc.com/functions/DPRODUCT.html", "variants": [], "versions": [] }