{ "category": "Math and trigonometry functions", "display_name": "EXP", "entry_kind": "built_in_function", "eval_api": { "method": "POST", "url": "https://handbook.dnacalc.com/api/eval" }, "function_id": "FUNC.EXP", "implementation_state": { "answer_bank": { "excel_builds": [ "20131", "20228", "20430", "20527", "?" ], "larger_numeric": 0, "last_bit": 0, "matched": 2456, "other_mismatch": 0, "refused": 0, "rows": 2456, "unread": 0, "worst_ulp": 0 }, "detail": "Recorded: 2,456 in the answer bank and 261 workbook cells.", "dnacalc_commit": "9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87", "in_catalogue": true, "state": "matches", "state_label": "Matches every recorded Excel answer", "summary": "Matches all 2,717 recorded answers", "workbook_corpus": { "cells": 261, "matched": 261 } }, "implementations": [ { "commit": "9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87", "flavour": "excel-compatibility-candidate", "language": "Rust", "name": "CalcFunc", "own_code": [ "https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc/blob/9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87/crates/calc-func/src/catalogue/math.rs#L91-L94", "https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc/blob/9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87/crates/calc-func/src/ported/exp_fn.rs#L4-L8" ], "repository": "https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc", "shared_code": [], "source": "https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc/blob/9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87/crates/calc-func/src/catalogue/math.rs#L91-L94", "state": "matches", "suite": null, "summary": "Matches all 2,717 recorded answers" } ], "json_url": "https://handbook.dnacalc.com/api/functions/FUNC.EXP.json", "name": "EXP", "notes": [], "schema": "efh.function-reference/v1", "section_order": [ "what-it-does", "try-it", "quirks", "how-to-implement", "version-differences", "alternatives" ], "sections": { "alternatives": "\nUse [LN](FUNC.LN.md) for the inverse and [POWER](FUNC.POWER.md) or `^` for another base. See [GEOMEAN](FUNC.GEOMEAN.md) and [BINOM.DIST](FUNC.BINOM.DIST.md) for measured compositions that reuse EXP, and [PMT](FUNC.PMT.md) for a compensated exponential-minus-one route.\n\n\n", "how-to-implement": "\nThe current source uses an extended x87 chain. Its working precision has a 64-bit significand and extended exponent range; the final result is stored to binary64 once.\n\n1. Load `x` exactly and multiply it, in extended precision with ties-to-even, by the resident `log2(e)` constant. The source constant is `0xB8AA3B295C17F0BC * 2^-63`. Call the extended result `t`; do not store it as a binary64 intermediate.\n2. Work on `u=abs(t)`. Round `u` to the nearest integer, ties-to-even, giving `k`. Compute the extended fraction `f=u-k`, which lies between `-0.5` and `0.5`.\n3. Evaluate the modeled `F2XM1(f)` instruction, add extended `1`, and scale the result by `2^k` with the modeled `FSCALE` operation. This gives an approximation to `2^u` without an intermediate binary64 assignment.\n4. If `t` was negative, take the extended reciprocal of that positive result. Store the answer once to binary64, ties-to-even. Map a nonfinite published result to the worksheet error through the surface policy.\n\nAt `x=0`, `t=k=f=0`, so the fractional instruction gives zero and the reconstructed result is exactly one. For `x=1`, `t` is about `1.442695`, `k=1` and `f` about `0.442695`; doubling the fractional result reconstructs about `2.718281828459045`. Negative inputs take the reciprocal before storage, rather than storing the positive answer and dividing afterward.\n\n`F2XM1` is an approximate instruction leaf. A portable implementation must model it or declare a different numerical target; replacing it with an ideal power-of-two leaf is contradicted by recorded broader windows. The local fingerprint labels do not identify every input region or the CPU's private implementation. The source offers native and software x87 backends, with residual and environment limits described in the cited records.\n\n\n", "quirks": "\nA finite mathematical exponential can exceed the largest representable binary64 number. The recorded `EXP(1000)` worksheet reading is `#NUM!`, which the current finite-result policy reproduces. At the opposite end, rounding can produce a subnormal or zero in the kernel; the worksheet's publication policy and input route must be considered separately.\n\nFor tiny `x`, `EXP(x)` rounds close to one. Subtracting one can lose the quantity you wanted, and may give zero. PMT's small-rate route has a separate compensated exponential-minus-one step.\n\nDo not replace an entire composition with one exponential: the stored LN result and multiply in BINOM.DIST's all-success route, and the normalized product in GEOMEAN, are separately observed stages. The LN/EXP environment comparison also records machine-dependent answers on some inputs.\n\n\n", "sources": "\n- [Microsoft: EXP function](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/excel/functions/exp-function), opened 6 November 2026; syntax, documented argument rules and errors.\n- [DnaCalc implementation](https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc/blob/da3ecc4fb19a3a5529708c311d0e8f05688ac165/crates/calc-func/src/ported/excel_numeric/x87_chains.rs); implementation steps and the limits identified in the text.\n- [Overflow witness and finite-result policy](https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc/blob/da3ecc4fb19a3a5529708c311d0e8f05688ac165/crates/calc-func/src/ported/exp_fn.rs).\n- [Extended constants and software instruction model](https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc/blob/da3ecc4fb19a3a5529708c311d0e8f05688ac165/crates/calc-func/src/ported/excel_numeric/soft87.rs).\n- [Fingerprint scope and broader-window counterexamples](https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc/blob/da3ecc4fb19a3a5529708c311d0e8f05688ac165/docs/generated/numeric-fingerprints.md).\n\n", "try-it": "\n`=EXP(0.05)` is about `1.051271096376024`. Applied to an initial balance of `200`, `=200*EXP(0.05)` is about `210.2542192752048`. The exponent is the total continuously compounded rate over the interval; it is not a count of discrete interest payments.\n\n`=EXP(0)` returns `1`. A negative exponent gives a positive reciprocal-scale result, such as `=EXP(-1)` at about `0.3678794411714423`.\n\n\n", "version-differences": "The recorded environments below distinguish a reading from a same-input comparison. Counts describe captured inputs in each environment; overlapping captures and comparisons are not totals of unique worksheet calls.\n\n| Excel 16.0 build | Platform and CPU | Captured inputs |\n|---|---|---:|\n| 19929 | Windows, bitness not recorded, CPU not recorded | 36 |\n| 20131 | Windows, bitness not recorded, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics | 734 |\n| 18429 | Windows, 64-bit, Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-9750H CPU @ 2.60GHz | 54 |\n| 20131 | Windows, 64-bit, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics | 54 |\n| 20228 | Windows, 64-bit, CPU not recorded | 90 |\n| 20430 | Windows, 64-bit, CPU not recorded | 1,612 |\n\n- XC-EXP-001: build 19929 versus build 20430; 3 same-input pairs, 0 differing answers. Compared axes: excel-build. Numeric answers were compared by their recorded binary64 bits; other answers by typed value.\n- XC-EXP-002: build 20131 versus build 18429; 54 same-input pairs, 6 differing answers. Compared axes: cpu, excel-build, os. Numeric answers were compared by their recorded binary64 bits; other answers by typed value.\n\nThe differing machines changed Excel build and other recorded environment properties together. These observations do not isolate a build-only or CPU-only cause. The linked record retains each input, answer, and recheck status.\n\nA recorded example, XD-EXP-001: the input `1.816072400038452` has bits `0x3ffd0ea1eed55587`. On 2026-07-03, build 20131 on AMD Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics returned `6.1476654002836915` (`0x401897359943e077`). On the other machine, 2026-07-05, build 18429 on Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-9750H CPU @ 2.60GHz returned `6.147665400283691` (`0x401897359943e076`). These answers differ by one unit in the last place. Each machine ran this probe once; no repeat is recorded. The input was placed in a cell through `Range.Value2` and its round trip was checked, rather than entered as a rounded decimal formula literal.\n\nAgreement on these compared inputs does not establish agreement on unmeasured inputs.\n\n[Recorded environments and comparison details](https://github.com/DnaCalc/ExcelFunctionsHandbook/blob/5dc75391aa5125ccc5abdb095da85950980d6fd8/content/evidence/environments/FUNC.EXP.json).\n\nRetained controls from the indexed captures:\n\n| Build and recorded CPU | Captured call or arguments | Excel result |\n|---|---|---|\n| 19929, CPU not recorded | [`=EXP(0)`](https://github.com/DnaCalc/CalcFunc-Evidence/blob/4287ba192d2e3a7fd54671ea1cee1c34cb2e84e2/runs/W097-R-B-validation-cellref-module/comparisons/excel_sample_comparisons.jsonl.gz) | `1.0` (`0x3ff0000000000000`) |\n| 20131, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics | [`EXP(-4.4545571568632)`](https://github.com/DnaCalc/CalcFunc-Evidence/blob/4287ba192d2e3a7fd54671ea1cee1c34cb2e84e2/cache/oracle/build-20131/EXP.jsonl.gz) | `0.01162546699313378` (`0x3f87cf17c44a36a5`) |\n| 20228, CPU not recorded | [`EXP(-0.651804390066281)`](https://github.com/DnaCalc/CalcFunc-Evidence/blob/4287ba192d2e3a7fd54671ea1cee1c34cb2e84e2/work/w109/G6-solvers/answers-pmt-general-exp-20260809.json.gz) | `0.5211046518808217` (`0x3fe0ace3a9b3e419`) |\n| 20430, CPU not recorded | [`EXP(1)`](https://github.com/DnaCalc/CalcFunc-Evidence/blob/4287ba192d2e3a7fd54671ea1cee1c34cb2e84e2/cache/w111-extended-regenerated-20260929/answers-exp.json.gz) | `2.718281828459045` (`0x4005bf0a8b145769`) |\n\nThese are earlier recorded answers, not new Excel runs or an additional cross-build comparison. The function JSON retains each source locator, exact argument bits where available, and input-route status. Call notation does not imply that captured binary64 values were entered as decimal formula literals.", "what-it-does": "\n`EXP(number)` raises `e` to the supplied exponent. Microsoft documents EXP and LN as inverses; use `base^exponent` for a different base. EXP is useful when a growth model is written as an exponent, or when returning log-scale values to their original scale.\n\n\n" }, "signature": { "display": "EXP(number)", "parameters": [ { "description": null, "name": "number", "optional": false, "repeats": false } ], "trailing_repeats": false }, "sources": { "metadata": { "admission": { "label": "implemented", "reason": null }, "arity": { "max": 1, "min": 1 }, "category": "Math and trigonometry functions", "classification": { "arg_preparation_profile": "ValuesOnlyPreAdapter", "coercion_lift_profile": "UnaryNumericScalarOrArrayElementwise", "determinism_class": "Deterministic", "error_collapse_profile": "None", "fec_dependency_profile": "None", "host_interaction_class": "None", "kernel_signature_class": "NumToNum", "rich_value_usage": "RichBlind", "surface_fec_dependency_profile": "RefOnly", "thread_safety_class": "SafePure", "volatility_class": "NonVolatile" }, "descriptions": { "long": null, "short": "e raised to a power", "short_source": "dna-calc-own" }, "docs": { "english_description": "Returns e raised to the power of a given number", "microsoft_url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/exp-function-c578f034-2c45-4c37-bc8c-329660a63abe" }, "entry_kind": "built_in_function", "localized_family_names": null, "localized_names": [ { "locale": "ar-SA", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "bg-BG", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "cs-CZ", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "da-DK", "name": "EKSP" }, { "locale": "de-DE", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "el-GR", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "en-AU", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "en-GB", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "en-US", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "es-ES", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "et-EE", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "fi-FI", "name": "EKSPONENTTI" }, { "locale": "fr-FR", "name": "EXP*" }, { "locale": "he-IL", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "hr-HR", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "hu-HU", "name": "KITEVŐ" }, { "locale": "id-ID", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "it-IT", "name": "ESP" }, { "locale": "ja-JP", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "ko-KR", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "lt-LT", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "lv-LV", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "nb-NO", "name": "EKSP" }, { "locale": "nl-NL", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "pl-PL", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "pt-BR", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "pt-PT", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "ro-RO", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "ru-RU", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "sk-SK", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "sl-SI", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "sr-Latn-RS", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "sv-SE", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "th-TH", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "tr-TR", "name": "ÜS" }, { "locale": "uk-UA", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "vi-VN", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "zh-CN", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "zh-HK", "name": "EXP" }, { "locale": "zh-TW", "name": "EXP" } ], "signature": { "display": "EXP(number)", "parameters": [ { "description": null, "name": "number", "optional": false, "repeats": false } ], "trailing_repeats": false }, "surface_name": "EXP", "version_marker": null, "xlcall": { "code": "21", "symbol": "xlfExp" } }, "microsoft": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/exp-function-c578f034-2c45-4c37-bc8c-329660a63abe" }, "try_it": { "formula": "=EXP(0.05)" }, "url": "https://handbook.dnacalc.com/functions/EXP.html", "variants": [ { "code": "https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc/blob/9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87/crates/calc-func/src/ported/exp_fn.rs#L4-L8", "difference": "On 6 recorded inputs this environment's answer is 1 ULP from the answer recorded in 16.0 build 20131, AMD Zen 2 (Windows, 64-bit). CPU, Excel build and operating system all differ between the two machines, so the cause is not isolated.", "error_bound": null, "evaluated_on": "Intel Core Processor (Haswell, no TSX)", "evidence": [ { "commit": "1b00c7bdb28624b0f2c3785586e076414d9d92bb", "locator": "XD-EXP-001,XD-EXP-002,XD-EXP-003,XD-EXP-004,XD-EXP-005,XD-EXP-006", "note": "not rechecked", "path": "content/evidence/measurements/excel-exp-ln-cross-cpu-2026-07/ExcelExpData_GenuineIntel_20260705-191433.json", "repository": "ExcelFunctionsHandbook" } ], "key": { "cpu": "Intel Coffee Lake (Windows, 64-bit)", "env_id": "win-x64-16.0.18429-intel-coffee-lake", "excel_build_range": "16.0 build 18429" }, "kind": "environment", "name": "EXP on Excel 16.0 build 18429, Intel Coffee Lake (Windows, 64-bit)", "onecalc_udf": null, "state": "matches", "state_summary": "Run on Intel Core Processor (Haswell, no TSX): gives this answer on 6 of 6 of these inputs." }, { "code": "https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc/blob/9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87/crates/calc-func/src/ported/exp_fn.rs#L4-L8", "difference": "On 6 recorded inputs this environment's answer is 1 ULP from the answer recorded in 16.0 build 18429, Intel Coffee Lake (Windows, 64-bit). CPU, Excel build and operating system all differ between the two machines, so the cause is not isolated.", "error_bound": null, "evaluated_on": "Intel Core Processor (Haswell, no TSX)", "evidence": [ { "commit": "1b00c7bdb28624b0f2c3785586e076414d9d92bb", "locator": "XD-EXP-001,XD-EXP-002,XD-EXP-003,XD-EXP-004,XD-EXP-005,XD-EXP-006", "note": "not rechecked", "path": "content/evidence/measurements/excel-exp-ln-cross-cpu-2026-07/ExcelExpData_AuthenticAMD_20260703-223049.json", "repository": "ExcelFunctionsHandbook" } ], "key": { "cpu": "AMD Zen 2 (Windows, 64-bit)", "env_id": "win-x64-16.0.20131-amd-zen2", "excel_build_range": "16.0 build 20131" }, "kind": "environment", "name": "EXP on Excel 16.0 build 20131, AMD Zen 2 (Windows, 64-bit)", "onecalc_udf": null, "state": "not-run", "state_summary": "Not run on this CPU. On x86_64 the kernel executes the CPU's own x87 instructions, so its answer follows the machine; on Intel Core Processor (Haswell, no TSX) it gave this answer on 0 of 6." } ], "versions": [ { "behaviour": "36 captured inputs are indexed for this environment. Capture dates are not recorded. This is a reading count, not a comparison with another build. Retained control =EXP(0) returned 1.0 (0x3ff0000000000000). The selected archive row does not record its input plumbing; no input route is inferred.", "excel_build": "16.0 build 19929", "observations": [ { "call": "=EXP(0)", "excel": { "bits": "0x3ff0000000000000", "display": "1.0", "kind": "number" }, "input_route": "not-recorded", "inputs": [], "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0 build 19929, Windows, bitness not recorded, CPU not recorded.", "source": { "commit": "4287ba192d2e3a7fd54671ea1cee1c34cb2e84e2", "locator": "BSE-000000043", "path": "runs/W097-R-B-validation-cellref-module/comparisons/excel_sample_comparisons.jsonl.gz", "repository": "CalcFunc-Evidence" } } ], "platform": "Windows, bitness not recorded, CPU not recorded", "sources": [ "https://github.com/DnaCalc/ExcelFunctionsHandbook/blob/5dc75391aa5125ccc5abdb095da85950980d6fd8/content/evidence/environments/FUNC.EXP.json", "https://github.com/DnaCalc/CalcFunc-Evidence/blob/4287ba192d2e3a7fd54671ea1cee1c34cb2e84e2/runs/W097-R-B-validation-cellref-module/comparisons/excel_sample_comparisons.jsonl.gz" ] }, { "behaviour": "734 captured inputs are indexed for this environment. Capture dates: 2026-07-21 to 2026-07-23. This is a reading count, not a comparison with another build. Retained control EXP(-4.4545571568632) returned 0.01162546699313378 (0x3f87cf17c44a36a5). The selected archive row does not record its input plumbing; no input route is inferred.", "excel_build": "16.0 build 20131", "observations": [ { "call": "EXP(-4.4545571568632)", "excel": { "bits": "0x3f87cf17c44a36a5", "display": "0.01162546699313378", "kind": "number" }, "input_route": "not-recorded", "inputs": [ { "name": "argument1", "value": { "bits": "0xc011d1776e6b8f8d", "display": "-4.4545571568632", "kind": "number" } } ], "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0 build 20131, Windows, bitness not recorded, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics.", "source": { "commit": "4287ba192d2e3a7fd54671ea1cee1c34cb2e84e2", "locator": "EXP|0xc011d1776e6b8f8d", "path": "cache/oracle/build-20131/EXP.jsonl.gz", "repository": "CalcFunc-Evidence" } } ], "platform": "Windows, bitness not recorded, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics", "sources": [ "https://github.com/DnaCalc/ExcelFunctionsHandbook/blob/5dc75391aa5125ccc5abdb095da85950980d6fd8/content/evidence/environments/FUNC.EXP.json", "https://github.com/DnaCalc/CalcFunc-Evidence/blob/4287ba192d2e3a7fd54671ea1cee1c34cb2e84e2/cache/oracle/build-20131/EXP.jsonl.gz" ] }, { "behaviour": "54 captured inputs are indexed for this environment. Capture dates: 2026-07-05 to 2026-07-05. This is a reading count, not a comparison with another build. The indexed same-input control EXP(1.816072400038452) returned 6.147665400283691 (0x401897359943e076); XD-EXP-001 changed CPU, Excel build and OS together and remains not-rechecked.", "excel_build": "16.0 build 18429", "observations": [ { "call": "EXP(1.816072400038452)", "comparison": "XD-EXP-001", "excel": { "bits": "0x401897359943e076", "display": "6.147665400283691", "kind": "number" }, "input_route": "cell-value2", "inputs": [ { "name": "argument1", "value": { "bits": "0x3ffd0ea1eed55587", "display": "1.816072400038452", "kind": "number" } } ], "recheck_status": "not-rechecked", "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0 build 18429, Windows, 64-bit, Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-9750H CPU @ 2.60GHz, observed 2026-07-05.", "source_record": "https://github.com/DnaCalc/ExcelFunctionsHandbook/blob/5dc75391aa5125ccc5abdb095da85950980d6fd8/content/evidence/environments/FUNC.EXP.json" } ], "platform": "Windows, 64-bit, Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-9750H CPU @ 2.60GHz", "sources": [ "https://github.com/DnaCalc/ExcelFunctionsHandbook/blob/5dc75391aa5125ccc5abdb095da85950980d6fd8/content/evidence/environments/FUNC.EXP.json" ] }, { "behaviour": "54 captured inputs are indexed for this environment. Capture dates: 2026-07-03 to 2026-07-03. This is a reading count, not a comparison with another build. The indexed same-input control EXP(1.816072400038452) returned 6.1476654002836915 (0x401897359943e077); XD-EXP-001 changed CPU, Excel build and OS together and remains not-rechecked.", "excel_build": "16.0 build 20131", "observations": [ { "call": "EXP(1.816072400038452)", "comparison": "XD-EXP-001", "excel": { "bits": "0x401897359943e077", "display": "6.1476654002836915", "kind": "number" }, "input_route": "cell-value2", "inputs": [ { "name": "argument1", "value": { "bits": "0x3ffd0ea1eed55587", "display": "1.816072400038452", "kind": "number" } } ], "recheck_status": "not-rechecked", "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0 build 20131, Windows, 64-bit, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics, observed 2026-07-03.", "source_record": "https://github.com/DnaCalc/ExcelFunctionsHandbook/blob/5dc75391aa5125ccc5abdb095da85950980d6fd8/content/evidence/environments/FUNC.EXP.json" } ], "platform": "Windows, 64-bit, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics", "sources": [ "https://github.com/DnaCalc/ExcelFunctionsHandbook/blob/5dc75391aa5125ccc5abdb095da85950980d6fd8/content/evidence/environments/FUNC.EXP.json" ] }, { "behaviour": "90 captured inputs are indexed for this environment. Capture dates: 2026-08-09 to 2026-08-09. This is a reading count, not a comparison with another build. Retained control EXP(-0.651804390066281) returned 0.5211046518808217 (0x3fe0ace3a9b3e419). The capture specifies exact-double bulk Value2 cell input.", "excel_build": "16.0 build 20228", "observations": [ { "call": "EXP(-0.651804390066281)", "excel": { "bits": "0x3fe0ace3a9b3e419", "display": "0.5211046518808217", "kind": "number" }, "input_route": "cell-value2", "inputs": [ { "name": "argument1", "value": { "bits": "0xbfe4db94e1572a39", "display": "-0.651804390066281", "kind": "number" } } ], "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0 build 20228, Windows, 64-bit, CPU not recorded.", "source": { "commit": "4287ba192d2e3a7fd54671ea1cee1c34cb2e84e2", "locator": "pmt-gen-exp-0042", "path": "work/w109/G6-solvers/answers-pmt-general-exp-20260809.json.gz", "repository": "CalcFunc-Evidence" } } ], "platform": "Windows, 64-bit, CPU not recorded", "sources": [ "https://github.com/DnaCalc/ExcelFunctionsHandbook/blob/5dc75391aa5125ccc5abdb095da85950980d6fd8/content/evidence/environments/FUNC.EXP.json", "https://github.com/DnaCalc/CalcFunc-Evidence/blob/4287ba192d2e3a7fd54671ea1cee1c34cb2e84e2/work/w109/G6-solvers/answers-pmt-general-exp-20260809.json.gz" ] }, { "behaviour": "1,612 captured inputs are indexed for this environment. Capture dates: 2026-09-29 to 2026-09-29. This is a reading count, not a comparison with another build. Retained control EXP(1) returned 2.718281828459045 (0x4005bf0a8b145769). The capture specifies exact-double bulk Value2 cell input.", "excel_build": "16.0 build 20430", "observations": [ { "call": "EXP(1)", "excel": { "bits": "0x4005bf0a8b145769", "display": "2.718281828459045", "kind": "number" }, "input_route": "cell-value2", "inputs": [ { "name": "argument1", "value": { "bits": "0x3ff0000000000000", "display": "1", "kind": "number" } } ], "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0 build 20430, Windows, 64-bit, CPU not recorded.", "source": { "commit": "4287ba192d2e3a7fd54671ea1cee1c34cb2e84e2", "locator": "w111extended-2026092903-EXP-00009", "path": "cache/w111-extended-regenerated-20260929/answers-exp.json.gz", "repository": "CalcFunc-Evidence" } } ], "platform": "Windows, 64-bit, CPU not recorded", "sources": [ "https://github.com/DnaCalc/ExcelFunctionsHandbook/blob/5dc75391aa5125ccc5abdb095da85950980d6fd8/content/evidence/environments/FUNC.EXP.json", "https://github.com/DnaCalc/CalcFunc-Evidence/blob/4287ba192d2e3a7fd54671ea1cee1c34cb2e84e2/cache/w111-extended-regenerated-20260929/answers-exp.json.gz" ] } ] }