{
  "category": "Statistical functions",
  "display_name": "MODE.MULT",
  "entry_kind": "built_in_function",
  "eval_api": {
    "method": "POST",
    "url": "https://handbook.dnacalc.com/api/eval"
  },
  "function_id": "FUNC.MODE.MULT",
  "implementation_state": {
    "answer_bank": null,
    "detail": "Recorded: 22 workbook cells.",
    "dnacalc_commit": "9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87",
    "in_catalogue": true,
    "state": "matches",
    "state_label": "Matches every recorded Excel answer",
    "summary": "Matches all 22 recorded answers",
    "workbook_corpus": {
      "cells": 22,
      "matched": 22
    }
  },
  "implementations": [
    {
      "commit": "9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87",
      "flavour": "excel-compatibility-candidate",
      "language": "Rust",
      "name": "CalcFunc",
      "own_code": [
        "https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc/blob/9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87/crates/calc-func/src/catalogue/statistics.rs#L289-L296"
      ],
      "repository": "https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc",
      "shared_code": [
        "catalogue/statistics::all",
        "catalogue/statistics::modes"
      ],
      "source": "https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc/blob/9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87/crates/calc-func/src/catalogue/statistics.rs#L289-L296",
      "state": "matches",
      "suite": null,
      "summary": "Matches all 22 recorded answers"
    }
  ],
  "json_url": "https://handbook.dnacalc.com/api/functions/FUNC.MODE.MULT.json",
  "name": "MODE.MULT",
  "notes": [
    {
      "basis": "30 recorded formula readings across the three functions, and 21 readings each of MODE and MODE.SNGL covering direct text, logicals and errors.",
      "documentation": {
        "claim": "Arguments that are error values or text that can't be translated into numbers cause errors.",
        "source": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/mode-function-e45192ce-9122-4980-82ed-4bdc34973120"
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "commit": "c5defbd38b292450d7baf6f4bb1e81b9f2fc91bc",
          "locator": "delivered_fn4_mode_ignores_text_and_logicals",
          "note": "recorded answers pinned",
          "path": "apps/dna-onecalc/tests/acceptance.rs",
          "repository": "DnaCalc"
        },
        {
          "commit": "2d0eddcac86413014643af81d646581d54ba57bc",
          "locator": "sheets ql104 to ql133",
          "note": "30 recorded readings",
          "path": "crates/calc-func/tests/captures/fn4_questions/functions-fn4-list-controls.capture.json",
          "repository": "DnaCalc"
        },
        {
          "commit": "2d0eddcac86413014643af81d646581d54ba57bc",
          "locator": null,
          "note": "21 recorded readings",
          "path": "crates/calc-func/tests/captures/fn4_questions/MODE.reading.json",
          "repository": "DnaCalc"
        },
        {
          "commit": "2d0eddcac86413014643af81d646581d54ba57bc",
          "locator": null,
          "note": "21 recorded readings",
          "path": "crates/calc-func/tests/captures/fn4_questions/MODE.SNGL.reading.json",
          "repository": "DnaCalc"
        }
      ],
      "functions": [
        "FUNC.MODE",
        "FUNC.MODE.MULT",
        "FUNC.MODE.SNGL"
      ],
      "inferred": null,
      "kind": "documentation-differs",
      "note_id": "FN-MODE-001",
      "open": [
        "How a reference to one empty cell counts is not settled by these readings."
      ],
      "recorded_on": "2026-11-04",
      "repros": [
        {
          "call": "=MODE(\"2\",2)",
          "correct": null,
          "excel": {
            "bits": null,
            "display": "#N/A",
            "kind": "error"
          },
          "input_route": "formula-literal",
          "inputs": [],
          "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0.20527.20088 Current Channel, Windows 64-bit (NT 10.0.26200), x86-64, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H, en-ZA",
          "source": {
            "commit": "2d0eddcac86413014643af81d646581d54ba57bc",
            "locator": "sheet ql111, row 20, column 10",
            "note": null,
            "path": "crates/calc-func/tests/captures/fn4_questions/functions-fn4-list-controls.capture.json",
            "repository": "DnaCalc"
          }
        },
        {
          "call": "=MODE(TRUE,1)",
          "correct": null,
          "excel": {
            "bits": null,
            "display": "#N/A",
            "kind": "error"
          },
          "input_route": "formula-literal",
          "inputs": [],
          "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0.20527.20088 Current Channel, Windows 64-bit (NT 10.0.26200), x86-64, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H, en-ZA",
          "source": {
            "commit": "2d0eddcac86413014643af81d646581d54ba57bc",
            "locator": "sheet ql112, row 20, column 10",
            "note": null,
            "path": "crates/calc-func/tests/captures/fn4_questions/functions-fn4-list-controls.capture.json",
            "repository": "DnaCalc"
          }
        },
        {
          "call": "=MODE(\"x\",2,2)",
          "correct": null,
          "excel": {
            "bits": "0x4000000000000000",
            "display": "2",
            "kind": "number"
          },
          "input_route": "formula-literal",
          "inputs": [],
          "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0.20527.20088 Current Channel, Windows 64-bit (NT 10.0.26200), x86-64, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H, en-ZA",
          "source": {
            "commit": "2d0eddcac86413014643af81d646581d54ba57bc",
            "locator": "sheet ql110, row 20, column 10",
            "note": null,
            "path": "crates/calc-func/tests/captures/fn4_questions/functions-fn4-list-controls.capture.json",
            "repository": "DnaCalc"
          }
        },
        {
          "call": "=MODE(\"x\")",
          "correct": null,
          "excel": {
            "bits": null,
            "display": "#N/A",
            "kind": "error"
          },
          "input_route": "formula-literal",
          "inputs": [],
          "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0.20527.20088 Current Channel, Windows 64-bit (NT 10.0.26200), x86-64, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H, en-ZA",
          "source": {
            "commit": "2d0eddcac86413014643af81d646581d54ba57bc",
            "locator": "sheet ql105, row 20, column 10",
            "note": null,
            "path": "crates/calc-func/tests/captures/fn4_questions/functions-fn4-list-controls.capture.json",
            "repository": "DnaCalc"
          }
        },
        {
          "call": "=MODE.SNGL(\"x\",2,2)",
          "correct": null,
          "excel": {
            "bits": "0x4000000000000000",
            "display": "2",
            "kind": "number"
          },
          "input_route": "formula-literal",
          "inputs": [],
          "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0.20527.20088 Current Channel, Windows 64-bit (NT 10.0.26200), x86-64, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H, en-ZA",
          "source": {
            "commit": "2d0eddcac86413014643af81d646581d54ba57bc",
            "locator": "sheet ql120, row 20, column 10",
            "note": null,
            "path": "crates/calc-func/tests/captures/fn4_questions/functions-fn4-list-controls.capture.json",
            "repository": "DnaCalc"
          }
        },
        {
          "call": "=MODE.MULT(\"x\",2,2)",
          "correct": null,
          "excel": {
            "bits": "0x4000000000000000",
            "display": "2",
            "kind": "number"
          },
          "input_route": "formula-literal",
          "inputs": [],
          "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0.20527.20088 Current Channel, Windows 64-bit (NT 10.0.26200), x86-64, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H, en-ZA",
          "source": {
            "commit": "2d0eddcac86413014643af81d646581d54ba57bc",
            "locator": "sheet ql130, row 20, column 10",
            "note": null,
            "path": "crates/calc-func/tests/captures/fn4_questions/functions-fn4-list-controls.capture.json",
            "repository": "DnaCalc"
          }
        },
        {
          "call": "MODE(2, 2, A3)",
          "correct": null,
          "excel": {
            "bits": null,
            "display": "#DIV/0!",
            "kind": "error"
          },
          "input_route": "cell-value2",
          "inputs": [
            {
              "name": "number1",
              "value": {
                "bits": "0x4000000000000000",
                "display": "2",
                "kind": "number"
              }
            },
            {
              "name": "number2",
              "value": {
                "bits": "0x4000000000000000",
                "display": "2",
                "kind": "number"
              }
            },
            {
              "name": "number3",
              "value": {
                "bits": null,
                "display": "#DIV/0!",
                "kind": "error"
              }
            }
          ],
          "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0.20527.20088, Windows, bitness and CPU not recorded in this reading file",
          "source": {
            "commit": "2d0eddcac86413014643af81d646581d54ba57bc",
            "locator": "fn7-MODE-error-after-duplicates",
            "note": null,
            "path": "crates/calc-func/tests/captures/fn4_questions/MODE.reading.json",
            "repository": "DnaCalc"
          }
        }
      ],
      "schema": "efh.function-note/v1",
      "statement": "MODE, MODE.SNGL and MODE.MULT take only numbers from their arguments, even when text or a logical is typed directly into the call. A direct \"2\" or TRUE is not converted, so MODE(\"2\",2) and MODE(TRUE,1) are #N/A: one number, no repeat. Text that is not a number gives no error either: MODE(\"x\",2,2) is 2, and MODE(\"x\") is #N/A. Error values do come through: MODE(2,2,A3) with #DIV/0! in A3 is #DIV/0!, and of two errors the first is returned.",
      "status": "measured",
      "title": "MODE ignores direct text and logicals instead of converting them or giving an error"
    }
  ],
  "schema": "efh.function-reference/v1",
  "section_order": [
    "what-it-does",
    "try-it",
    "quirks",
    "how-to-implement",
    "version-differences",
    "alternatives"
  ],
  "sections": {
    "alternatives": "\n[MODE.SNGL](FUNC.MODE.SNGL.md) returns one mode. [MEDIAN](FUNC.MEDIAN.md) gives the middle value and [AVERAGE](FUNC.AVERAGE.md) the arithmetic mean; neither needs a repeated observation.\n\n\n\n\n",
    "how-to-implement": "\nCollect numeric values only from direct arguments and held collections; skip text and logical values, and propagate errors. Normalize positive and negative zero as one key, and count occurrences. Track each key’s first occurrence. Find the largest count; if it is below two, return `#N/A`. Return all keys attaining that count in a single-column array. The current code orders tied modes by first appearance and uses that order for the single-result choice. That is the implementation’s tie policy, not a whole-domain identification from the public function page. Keep the tie case in compatibility tests.\n\n\n",
    "quirks": "\nThe recorded collection rule takes **numbers only**, including when text or logicals are typed directly. It skips numeric-looking text and TRUE rather than converting them. Thus `MODE(\"2\",2)` and `MODE(TRUE,1)` have only one admitted number and give `#N/A`; `MODE(\"x\",2,2)` still returns two.\n\nA data set without any repeated number gives `#N/A`. Numeric zero participates. Error values propagate, with the first recorded error winning; arbitrary text is skipped rather than turned into a conversion error. Modern Excel needs space for the vertical result to spill.\n\n\n",
    "sources": "\n- [FN-MODE-001](../notes/FN-MODE-001.json): recorded direct-text, logical and error controls.\n- [Microsoft: MODE.MULT function](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/excel/functions/mode-mult-function), opened 6 November 2026; syntax, documented argument rules and errors.\n- [DnaCalc implementation](https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc/blob/da3ecc4fb19a3a5529708c311d0e8f05688ac165/crates/calc-func/src/catalogue/statistics.rs); implementation steps and the limits identified in the text.\n\n",
    "try-it": "\n`=MODE.MULT({2,5,2,5,9})` returns a vertical array containing two and five: each occurs twice, while nine occurs once.\n\n\n",
    "version-differences": "\nNo same-input comparison between named Excel builds is recorded for this function here. The documented behaviour below is not a measurement of every Excel release.\n\n\n",
    "what-it-does": "\n`MODE.MULT(number1,[number2],...)` returns all values tied for the highest repetition count, as a vertical array. It finds a repeated value, not a middle value or an average.\n\n\n"
  },
  "signature": {
    "display": "MODE.MULT(number1, [number2], ...)",
    "parameters": [
      {
        "description": null,
        "name": "number1",
        "optional": false,
        "repeats": false
      },
      {
        "description": null,
        "name": "number2",
        "optional": true,
        "repeats": true
      }
    ],
    "trailing_repeats": true
  },
  "sources": {
    "metadata": {
      "admission": {
        "label": "implemented",
        "reason": null
      },
      "arity": {
        "max": 255,
        "min": 1
      },
      "category": "Statistical functions",
      "classification": {
        "arg_preparation_profile": "RefsVisibleInAdapter",
        "coercion_lift_profile": "Custom",
        "determinism_class": "Deterministic",
        "error_collapse_profile": "None",
        "fec_dependency_profile": "RefOnly",
        "host_interaction_class": "None",
        "kernel_signature_class": "Custom",
        "rich_value_usage": "RichBlind",
        "surface_fec_dependency_profile": "RefOnly",
        "thread_safety_class": "SafePure",
        "volatility_class": "NonVolatile"
      },
      "descriptions": {
        "long": null,
        "short": "All the most frequent numbers, as a vertical array",
        "short_source": "dna-calc-own"
      },
      "docs": {
        "english_description": "Returns a vertical array of the most frequently occurring, or repetitive values in an array or range of data",
        "microsoft_url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/mode-mult-function-50fd9464-b2ba-4191-b57a-39446689ae8c"
      },
      "entry_kind": "built_in_function",
      "localized_family_names": null,
      "localized_names": [
        {
          "locale": "ar-SA",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "bg-BG",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "cs-CZ",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "da-DK",
          "name": "HYPPIGST.FLERE"
        },
        {
          "locale": "de-DE",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "el-GR",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "en-AU",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "en-GB",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "en-US",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "es-ES",
          "name": "MODA.VARIOS"
        },
        {
          "locale": "et-EE",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "fi-FI",
          "name": "MOODI.USEA"
        },
        {
          "locale": "fr-FR",
          "name": "MODE.MULTIPLE*"
        },
        {
          "locale": "he-IL",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "hr-HR",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "hu-HU",
          "name": "MÓDUSZ.TÖBB"
        },
        {
          "locale": "id-ID",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "it-IT",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "ja-JP",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "ko-KR",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "lt-LT",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "lv-LV",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "nb-NO",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "nl-NL",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "pl-PL",
          "name": "WYST.NAJCZĘŚCIEJ.TABL"
        },
        {
          "locale": "pt-BR",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "pt-PT",
          "name": "MODO.MÚLT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "ro-RO",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "ru-RU",
          "name": "МОДА.НСК"
        },
        {
          "locale": "sk-SK",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "sl-SI",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "sr-Latn-RS",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "sv-SE",
          "name": "TYPVÄRDE.FLERA"
        },
        {
          "locale": "th-TH",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "tr-TR",
          "name": "ENÇOK_OLAN.ÇOK"
        },
        {
          "locale": "uk-UA",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "vi-VN",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "zh-CN",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "zh-HK",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        },
        {
          "locale": "zh-TW",
          "name": "MODE.MULT"
        }
      ],
      "signature": {
        "display": "MODE.MULT(number1, [number2], ...)",
        "parameters": [
          {
            "description": null,
            "name": "number1",
            "optional": false,
            "repeats": false
          },
          {
            "description": null,
            "name": "number2",
            "optional": true,
            "repeats": true
          }
        ],
        "trailing_repeats": true
      },
      "surface_name": "MODE.MULT",
      "version_marker": null,
      "xlcall": {
        "code": "497",
        "symbol": "xlfMode_mult"
      }
    },
    "microsoft": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/mode-mult-function-50fd9464-b2ba-4191-b57a-39446689ae8c"
  },
  "try_it": {
    "formula": "=MODE.MULT({2,5,2,5,9})"
  },
  "url": "https://handbook.dnacalc.com/functions/MODE.MULT.html",
  "variants": [],
  "versions": [
    {
      "behaviour": "=MODE.MULT(\"x\",2,2) returned 2 (0x4000000000000000). Inputs were supplied through formula literals. These are controls from this environment, not a same-input comparison with another build.",
      "excel_build": "16.0.20527.20088",
      "observations": [
        {
          "call": "=MODE.MULT(\"x\",2,2)",
          "excel": {
            "bits": "0x4000000000000000",
            "display": "2",
            "kind": "number"
          },
          "input_route": "formula-literal",
          "inputs": [],
          "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0.20527.20088 Current Channel, Windows 64-bit (NT 10.0.26200), x86-64, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H, en-ZA"
        }
      ],
      "platform": "Windows 64-bit (NT 10.0.26200), x86-64, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H, en-ZA",
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/DnaCalc/ExcelFunctionsHandbook/blob/3345a87/content/notes/FN-MODE-001.json"
      ]
    }
  ]
}