{ "category": "Date and time functions", "display_name": "NETWORKDAYS", "entry_kind": "built_in_function", "eval_api": { "method": "POST", "url": "https://handbook.dnacalc.com/api/eval" }, "function_id": "FUNC.NETWORKDAYS", "implementation_state": { "answer_bank": { "excel_builds": [ "20430" ], "larger_numeric": 0, "last_bit": 0, "matched": 3600, "other_mismatch": 0, "refused": 0, "rows": 3600, "unread": 0, "worst_ulp": 0 }, "detail": "Recorded: 3,600 in the answer bank and 16 workbook cells.", "dnacalc_commit": "9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87", "in_catalogue": true, "state": "matches", "state_label": "Matches every recorded Excel answer", "summary": "Matches all 3,616 recorded answers", "workbook_corpus": { "cells": 16, "matched": 16 } }, "implementations": [ { "commit": "9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87", "flavour": "excel-compatibility-candidate", "language": "Rust", "name": "CalcFunc", "own_code": [ "https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc/blob/9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87/crates/calc-func/src/catalogue/dates.rs#L325-L327" ], "repository": "https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc", "shared_code": [ "catalogue/dates::environment", "catalogue/dates::system", "catalogue/dates::to_1900", "catalogue/dates::from_1900", "catalogue/dates::present_num", "catalogue/dates::serial_out", "catalogue/dates::weekend", "catalogue/dates::holidays", "catalogue/dates::workday", "catalogue/dates::networkdays", "ported/date_kernels::days", "ported/date_kernels::weekday_sunday_one_based", "ported/date_kernels::WeekendMask::saturday_sunday", "ported/date_kernels::WeekendMask::from_number", "ported/date_kernels::WeekendMask::from_mask_text", "ported/date_kernels::WeekendMask::is_all_days", "ported/date_kernels::WeekendMask::contains_serial", "ported/date_kernels::serial_from_number", "ported/date_kernels::is_business_day", "ported/date_kernels::workday", "ported/date_kernels::networkdays" ], "source": "https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc/blob/9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87/crates/calc-func/src/catalogue/dates.rs#L325-L327", "state": "matches", "suite": null, "summary": "Matches all 3,616 recorded answers" } ], "json_url": "https://handbook.dnacalc.com/api/functions/FUNC.NETWORKDAYS.json", "name": "NETWORKDAYS", "notes": [ { "basis": "8 recorded readings with an empty B1, one per function, each paired with a reading with TRUE in B1.", "documentation": null, "evidence": [ { "commit": "c4c5dde7e2dcf735d2849835fc49769e2ab67ba7", "locator": "delivered_fn4_blank_date_references_read_serial_zero", "note": "recorded answers pinned", "path": "apps/dna-onecalc/tests/acceptance.rs", "repository": "DnaCalc" }, { "commit": "2d0eddcac86413014643af81d646581d54ba57bc", "locator": "sheets qa031 and qa032, and the like pairs of each function", "note": "recorded readings", "path": "crates/calc-func/tests/captures/fn4_questions/functions-fn4-arguments.capture.json", "repository": "DnaCalc" } ], "functions": [ "FUNC.NETWORKDAYS", "FUNC.NETWORKDAYS.INTL", "FUNC.TBILLEQ", "FUNC.TBILLPRICE", "FUNC.TBILLYIELD", "FUNC.WORKDAY", "FUNC.WORKDAY.INTL", "FUNC.YEARFRAC" ], "inferred": null, "kind": "quirk", "note_id": "FN-WORKDAY-001", "open": [ "An argument left empty in the call was not read here for YEARFRAC and the T-bill functions." ], "recorded_on": "2026-11-04", "repros": [ { "call": "=NETWORKDAYS(B1,5)", "correct": null, "excel": { "bits": "0x4010000000000000", "display": "4", "kind": "number" }, "input_route": "cell-value2", "inputs": [ { "name": "B1", "value": { "bits": null, "display": "(empty cell)", "kind": "blank" } } ], "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0.20527.20088 Current Channel, Windows 64-bit (NT 10.0.26200), x86-64, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H, en-ZA", "source": { "commit": "2d0eddcac86413014643af81d646581d54ba57bc", "locator": "sheet qa032, row 20, column 10", "note": null, "path": "crates/calc-func/tests/captures/fn4_questions/functions-fn4-arguments.capture.json", "repository": "DnaCalc" } }, { "call": "=NETWORKDAYS(B1,5)", "correct": null, "excel": { "bits": null, "display": "#VALUE!", "kind": "error" }, "input_route": "cell-value2", "inputs": [ { "name": "B1", "value": { "bits": null, "display": "TRUE", "kind": "logical" } } ], "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0.20527.20088 Current Channel, Windows 64-bit (NT 10.0.26200), x86-64, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H, en-ZA", "source": { "commit": "2d0eddcac86413014643af81d646581d54ba57bc", "locator": "sheet qa031, row 20, column 10", "note": null, "path": "crates/calc-func/tests/captures/fn4_questions/functions-fn4-arguments.capture.json", "repository": "DnaCalc" } }, { "call": "=WORKDAY(B1,2)", "correct": null, "excel": { "bits": "0x4008000000000000", "display": "3", "kind": "number" }, "input_route": "cell-value2", "inputs": [ { "name": "B1", "value": { "bits": null, "display": "(empty cell)", "kind": "blank" } } ], "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0.20527.20088 Current Channel, Windows 64-bit (NT 10.0.26200), x86-64, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H, en-ZA", "source": { "commit": "2d0eddcac86413014643af81d646581d54ba57bc", "locator": "sheet qa054, row 20, column 10", "note": null, "path": "crates/calc-func/tests/captures/fn4_questions/functions-fn4-arguments.capture.json", "repository": "DnaCalc" } }, { "call": "=WORKDAY(B1,2)", "correct": null, "excel": { "bits": null, "display": "#VALUE!", "kind": "error" }, "input_route": "cell-value2", "inputs": [ { "name": "B1", "value": { "bits": null, "display": "TRUE", "kind": "logical" } } ], "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0.20527.20088 Current Channel, Windows 64-bit (NT 10.0.26200), x86-64, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H, en-ZA", "source": { "commit": "2d0eddcac86413014643af81d646581d54ba57bc", "locator": "sheet qa053, row 20, column 10", "note": null, "path": "crates/calc-func/tests/captures/fn4_questions/functions-fn4-arguments.capture.json", "repository": "DnaCalc" } }, { "call": "=NETWORKDAYS.INTL(B1,5,1)", "correct": null, "excel": { "bits": "0x4010000000000000", "display": "4", "kind": "number" }, "input_route": "cell-value2", "inputs": [ { "name": "B1", "value": { "bits": null, "display": "(empty cell)", "kind": "blank" } } ], "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0.20527.20088 Current Channel, Windows 64-bit (NT 10.0.26200), x86-64, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H, en-ZA", "source": { "commit": "2d0eddcac86413014643af81d646581d54ba57bc", "locator": "sheet qa040, row 20, column 10", "note": null, "path": "crates/calc-func/tests/captures/fn4_questions/functions-fn4-arguments.capture.json", "repository": "DnaCalc" } }, { "call": "=WORKDAY.INTL(B1,2,1)", "correct": null, "excel": { "bits": "0x4008000000000000", "display": "3", "kind": "number" }, "input_route": "cell-value2", "inputs": [ { "name": "B1", "value": { "bits": null, "display": "(empty cell)", "kind": "blank" } } ], "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0.20527.20088 Current Channel, Windows 64-bit (NT 10.0.26200), x86-64, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H, en-ZA", "source": { "commit": "2d0eddcac86413014643af81d646581d54ba57bc", "locator": "sheet qa062, row 20, column 10", "note": null, "path": "crates/calc-func/tests/captures/fn4_questions/functions-fn4-arguments.capture.json", "repository": "DnaCalc" } }, { "call": "=YEARFRAC(B1,5,0)", "correct": null, "excel": { "bits": "0x3f8c71c71c71c71c", "display": "0.013888888888888888", "kind": "number" }, "input_route": "cell-value2", "inputs": [ { "name": "B1", "value": { "bits": null, "display": "(empty cell)", "kind": "blank" } } ], "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0.20527.20088 Current Channel, Windows 64-bit (NT 10.0.26200), x86-64, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H, en-ZA", "source": { "commit": "2d0eddcac86413014643af81d646581d54ba57bc", "locator": "sheet qa072, row 20, column 10", "note": null, "path": "crates/calc-func/tests/captures/fn4_questions/functions-fn4-arguments.capture.json", "repository": "DnaCalc" } }, { "call": "=TBILLEQ(B1,5,0.1)", "correct": null, "excel": { "bits": "0x3fb9fddd1b6a757f", "display": "0.10152990264255911", "kind": "number" }, "input_route": "cell-value2", "inputs": [ { "name": "B1", "value": { "bits": null, "display": "(empty cell)", "kind": "blank" } } ], "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0.20527.20088 Current Channel, Windows 64-bit (NT 10.0.26200), x86-64, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H, en-ZA", "source": { "commit": "2d0eddcac86413014643af81d646581d54ba57bc", "locator": "sheet qa082, row 20, column 10", "note": null, "path": "crates/calc-func/tests/captures/fn4_questions/functions-fn4-arguments.capture.json", "repository": "DnaCalc" } } ], "schema": "efh.function-note/v1", "statement": "A reference to an empty cell as the first date of these functions reads as serial 0 and gives a normal answer: NETWORKDAYS(B1,5) is 4 and WORKDAY(B1,2) is 3. YEARFRAC(B1,5,0) is 5/360. TRUE in the same cell gives #VALUE!, as a direct TRUE does, so a blank is not treated as the logical FALSE either.", "status": "measured", "title": "An empty cell as a first date is serial 0, but a logical in that cell is #VALUE!" } ], "schema": "efh.function-reference/v1", "section_order": [ "what-it-does", "try-it", "quirks", "how-to-implement", "version-differences", "alternatives" ], "sections": { "alternatives": "\n### Relationships\n\n\n- **[NETWORKDAYS.INTL](FUNC.NETWORKDAYS.INTL.md)** — the generalization. `NETWORKDAYS(a, b, h)`\n should equal `NETWORKDAYS.INTL(a, b, 1, h)`, since weekend code 1 is documented as\n Saturday/Sunday. That equivalence is the cleanest cross-function test in this family and is\n **not verified here**. `NETWORKDAYS` is not a Compatibility-category function and Microsoft has\n not superseded it; both remain current, with the `.INTL` form recommended when the weekend is not\n Saturday/Sunday.\n- **[WORKDAY](FUNC.WORKDAY.md)** — the inverse operation: given a start and a count of working\n days, find the date. `NETWORKDAYS` and `WORKDAY` should compose, and their inclusivity\n conventions differ (see that page), which is the classic off-by-one in scheduling formulas.\n- **[DAYS](FUNC.DAYS.md)** — the unfiltered calendar count.\n- **[WEEKDAY](FUNC.WEEKDAY.md)** — the underlying notion of \"which day is Saturday\", and the\n function Microsoft documents as returning incorrect values before 1 March 1900.\n\n\n", "how-to-implement": "\n### Notes for implementers\n\n\n1. **Do not enumerate day by day for large intervals.** The closed form is\n `7·⌊d/7⌋`-style arithmetic on whole weeks plus a small table for the partial week at each end;\n an implementation that loops will be correct and unusably slow for century-scale intervals,\n which are reachable given the serial range.\n2. **Normalize `holidays` to a set first**, filtering out weekend dates and out-of-interval dates,\n so that duplicates and stray blanks cannot affect the count.\n3. **Decide the reversed-interval policy explicitly**, and note that whatever `NETWORKDAYS` does,\n `.INTL` must do the same or the equivalence above fails.\n4. **Share the weekday kernel** with [WEEKDAY](FUNC.WEEKDAY.md) so that the documented pre-March-1900\n phase behaviour is inherited rather than reinvented.\n\n\n", "quirks": "\n### Result and edge cases\n\n\nReturns a `Number`: a count of working days.\n\n- **A same-day interval** (`start_date` equal to `end_date`) is 1 if that day is a working day and\n 0 otherwise — under the inclusive reading above.\n- **An interval containing no working days** returns 0.\n- **Holidays outside the interval** are irrelevant and should be ignored.\n- **Empty cells inside a `holidays` range** raise the ordinary Empty-versus-Missing question\n described in [the value universe](../model/01-value-universe.md); whether they are skipped or\n treated as serial 0 (which is inside the representable range and would be a \"holiday\") is not\n documented and not checked here. It is a real hazard, because holiday ranges are usually sized\n generously and left partly blank.\n- **Fractional serials** — whether time components are truncated before counting is undocumented.\n\n\n\n### Errors\n\n\nAs documented on the Microsoft page:\n\n- `#VALUE!` \"if any argument is not a valid date\".\n\nNote the contrast with the generalized sibling: [NETWORKDAYS.INTL](FUNC.NETWORKDAYS.INTL.md)'s page\ndocuments `#NUM!` when a date is out of range for the date-base value and `#VALUE!` only for an\ninvalid weekend string. Two functions computing the same thing, documented with different error\nvalues for an out-of-range date. This Handbook does not harmonize the two; the divergence is\nrecorded, and resolving it against a running Excel is one of the experiments listed below. See\n[claim language](../model/06-claim-language.md), rule 5.\n\n\n", "sources": "\n- Microsoft 365 support, **NETWORKDAYS function** —\n .\n Source of the syntax, the `holidays` description quoted above, the text-entry warning and the\n `#VALUE!` condition. It does not state inclusivity or reversed-interval behaviour.\n- Microsoft 365 support, **NETWORKDAYS.INTL function** —\n .\n Source of the contrasting documented error conditions.\n- Handbook call-model chapters [01 value universe](../model/01-value-universe.md) and\n [03 call pipeline](../model/03-call-pipeline.md).\n- `data/functions/FUNC.NETWORKDAYS.json`, `data/presence/FUNC.NETWORKDAYS.json`,\n `data/battery/FUNC.NETWORKDAYS.json`.\n\n", "version-differences": "The recorded environments below distinguish a reading from a same-input comparison. Counts describe captured inputs in each environment; overlapping captures and comparisons are not totals of unique worksheet calls.\n\n| Excel 16.0 build | Platform and CPU | Captured inputs |\n|---|---|---:|\n| 20430 | Windows, 64-bit, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics | 2,400 |\n\nThe record contains no same-input comparison between these environments. Reading different inputs on different builds does not establish either a version change or cross-build agreement.\n\n[Recorded environments and comparison details](https://github.com/DnaCalc/ExcelFunctionsHandbook/blob/5dc75391aa5125ccc5abdb095da85950980d6fd8/content/evidence/environments/FUNC.NETWORKDAYS.json).", "what-it-does": "\n`NETWORKDAYS` counts the whole working days in the interval from `start_date` to `end_date`,\nexcluding weekends and any dates supplied in `holidays`. The weekend is **fixed at Saturday and\nSunday** and cannot be changed — that limitation is the entire reason\n[NETWORKDAYS.INTL](FUNC.NETWORKDAYS.INTL.md) exists.\n\nThe computation is a filtered count: enumerate the days of the interval, drop those falling on\nSaturday or Sunday, drop those appearing in `holidays`, and return how many remain.\n\nTwo properties of that count matter and are not settled by the documentation page:\n\n1. **Inclusivity.** The catalogue description is \"the number of whole workdays between two dates\",\n and the function's ordinary use — counting the working days of a month by passing the first and\n last of it — depends on both endpoints being counted. The Microsoft page linked below does not\n state the rule either way. It is recorded here as the expected behaviour, unverified.\n2. **Reversed intervals.** Whether an `end_date` before `start_date` gives a negative count, a\n positive one, or an error is likewise not stated on that page. The `.INTL` sibling's page is no\n more explicit. Unverified here.\n\nBoth are one-line experiments, and both are listed below.\n\n\n\n### Arguments\n\n\n`NETWORKDAYS(start_date, end_date, [holidays])` — two required arguments and one optional.\n\n**start_date** — \"a date that represents the start date\".\n\n**end_date** — \"a date that represents the end date\".\n\n**holidays** — optional: \"an optional range of one or more dates to exclude from the working\ncalendar, such as state and federal holidays and floating holidays. The list can be either a range\nof cells that contains the dates or an array constant of the serial numbers that represent the\ndates.\"\n\nThree things about `holidays` that the sentence above implies and readers routinely miss:\n\n- **It is a range or array argument in a function whose other arguments are scalars.** That makes\n `NETWORKDAYS` an aggregate-shaped call in its third position; see\n [the call pipeline](../model/03-call-pipeline.md) for how such positions are prepared.\n- **Duplicate holidays should not double-count**, since the operation is set exclusion rather than\n subtraction — but the documentation does not say so.\n- **Holidays falling on a weekend are already excluded** and should contribute nothing, for the\n same reason. Also not documented.\n\nMicrosoft's page carries the category's standard warning that \"problems can occur if dates are\nentered as text\" and recommends `DATE` or formula results instead.\n\n\n" }, "signature": { "display": "NETWORKDAYS(start_date, end_date, [holidays])", "parameters": [ { "description": null, "name": "start_date", "optional": false, "repeats": false }, { "description": null, "name": "end_date", "optional": false, "repeats": false }, { "description": null, "name": "holidays", "optional": true, "repeats": false } ], "trailing_repeats": false }, "sources": { "metadata": { "admission": { "label": "implemented", "reason": null }, "arity": { "max": 3, "min": 2 }, "category": "Date and time functions", "classification": { "arg_preparation_profile": "ValuesOnlyPreAdapter", "coercion_lift_profile": "Custom", "determinism_class": "Deterministic", "error_collapse_profile": "None", "fec_dependency_profile": "None", "host_interaction_class": "None", "kernel_signature_class": "Custom", "rich_value_usage": "RichBlind", "surface_fec_dependency_profile": "RefOnly", "thread_safety_class": "SafePure", "volatility_class": "NonVolatile" }, "descriptions": { "long": null, "short": "Working days between two dates, leaving out weekends and listed holidays", "short_source": "dna-calc-own" }, "docs": { "english_description": "Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates", "microsoft_url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/networkdays-function-48e717bf-a7a3-495f-969e-5005e3eb18e7" }, "entry_kind": "built_in_function", "localized_family_names": null, "localized_names": [ { "locale": "ar-SA", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "bg-BG", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "cs-CZ", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "da-DK", "name": "ANTAL.ARBEJDSDAGE" }, { "locale": "de-DE", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "el-GR", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "en-AU", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "en-GB", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "en-US", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "es-ES", "name": "DIAS.LAB" }, { "locale": "et-EE", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "fi-FI", "name": "TYÖPÄIVÄT" }, { "locale": "fr-FR", "name": "NB.JOURS.OUVRES*" }, { "locale": "he-IL", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "hr-HR", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "hu-HU", "name": "ÖSSZ.MUNKANAP" }, { "locale": "id-ID", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "it-IT", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "ja-JP", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "ko-KR", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "lt-LT", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "lv-LV", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "nb-NO", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "nl-NL", "name": "NETTO.WERKDAGEN" }, { "locale": "pl-PL", "name": "DNI.ROBOCZE" }, { "locale": "pt-BR", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "pt-PT", "name": "DIATRABALHOTOTAL" }, { "locale": "ro-RO", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "ru-RU", "name": "ЧИСТРАБДНИ" }, { "locale": "sk-SK", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "sl-SI", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "sr-Latn-RS", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "sv-SE", "name": "NETTOARBETSDAGAR" }, { "locale": "th-TH", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "tr-TR", "name": "TAMİŞGÜNÜ işlevi" }, { "locale": "uk-UA", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "vi-VN", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "zh-CN", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "zh-HK", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" }, { "locale": "zh-TW", "name": "NETWORKDAYS" } ], "signature": { "display": "NETWORKDAYS(start_date, end_date, [holidays])", "parameters": [ { "description": null, "name": "start_date", "optional": false, "repeats": false }, { "description": null, "name": "end_date", "optional": false, "repeats": false }, { "description": null, "name": "holidays", "optional": true, "repeats": false } ], "trailing_repeats": false }, "surface_name": "NETWORKDAYS", "version_marker": null, "xlcall": { "code": "472", "symbol": "xlfNetworkdays" } }, "microsoft": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/networkdays-function-48e717bf-a7a3-495f-969e-5005e3eb18e7" }, "try_it": { "formula": "=NETWORKDAYS(DATE(2026,11,2),DATE(2026,11,6))" }, "url": "https://handbook.dnacalc.com/functions/NETWORKDAYS.html", "variants": [], "versions": [ { "behaviour": "=NETWORKDAYS(B1,5) returned 4 (0x4010000000000000). =NETWORKDAYS(B1,5) returned #VALUE!. Inputs were supplied through cells using Value2. These are controls from this environment, not a same-input comparison with another build.", "excel_build": "16.0.20527.20088", "observations": [ { "call": "=NETWORKDAYS(B1,5)", "excel": { "bits": "0x4010000000000000", "display": "4", "kind": "number" }, "input_route": "cell-value2", "inputs": [ { "name": "B1", "value": { "bits": null, "display": "(empty cell)", "kind": "blank" } } ], "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0.20527.20088 Current Channel, Windows 64-bit (NT 10.0.26200), x86-64, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H, en-ZA" }, { "call": "=NETWORKDAYS(B1,5)", "excel": { "bits": null, "display": "#VALUE!", "kind": "error" }, "input_route": "cell-value2", "inputs": [ { "name": "B1", "value": { "bits": null, "display": "TRUE", "kind": "logical" } } ], "recorded_in": "Excel 16.0.20527.20088 Current Channel, Windows 64-bit (NT 10.0.26200), x86-64, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H, en-ZA" } ], "platform": "Windows 64-bit (NT 10.0.26200), x86-64, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H, en-ZA", "sources": [ "https://github.com/DnaCalc/ExcelFunctionsHandbook/blob/3345a87/content/notes/FN-WORKDAY-001.json" ] }, { "behaviour": "2,400 captured inputs are indexed for this environment. Capture dates: 2026-09-24 to 2026-09-25. This is a reading count, not a comparison with another build.", "excel_build": "16.0 build 20430", "platform": "Windows, 64-bit, AMD Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics", "sources": [ "https://github.com/DnaCalc/ExcelFunctionsHandbook/blob/5dc75391aa5125ccc5abdb095da85950980d6fd8/content/evidence/environments/FUNC.NETWORKDAYS.json" ] } ] }