{ "category": "Logical functions", "display_name": "NOT", "entry_kind": "built_in_function", "eval_api": { "method": "POST", "url": "https://handbook.dnacalc.com/api/eval" }, "function_id": "FUNC.NOT", "implementation_state": { "answer_bank": { "excel_builds": [ "20430" ], "larger_numeric": 0, "last_bit": 0, "matched": 1225, "other_mismatch": 0, "refused": 2, "rows": 1227, "unread": 0, "worst_ulp": 0 }, "detail": "Of 1,377 recorded answers (1,227 in the answer bank and 150 workbook cells), 2 do not match: 2 are refused.", "dnacalc_commit": "9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87", "in_catalogue": true, "state": "differs", "state_label": "Known larger differences", "summary": "Refuses 2 of 1,377 recorded calls; the rest match", "workbook_corpus": { "cells": 150, "matched": 150 } }, "implementations": [ { "commit": "9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87", "flavour": "excel-compatibility-candidate", "language": "Rust", "name": "CalcFunc", "own_code": [ "https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc/blob/9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87/crates/calc-func/src/catalogue/logical.rs#L103-L111", "https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc/blob/9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87/crates/calc-func/src/catalogue/logical.rs#L269-L285" ], "repository": "https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc", "shared_code": [ "catalogue/logical::not_callable" ], "source": "https://github.com/DnaCalc/DnaCalc/blob/9e1884369a678158dd82d3d74188daf986995e87/crates/calc-func/src/catalogue/logical.rs#L103-L111", "state": "differs", "suite": null, "summary": "Refuses 2 of 1,377 recorded calls; the rest match" } ], "json_url": "https://handbook.dnacalc.com/api/functions/FUNC.NOT.json", "name": "NOT", "notes": [], "schema": "efh.function-reference/v1", "section_order": [ "what-it-does", "try-it", "quirks", "how-to-implement", "version-differences", "alternatives" ], "sections": { "alternatives": "\n### Relationships\n\n\n- `AND`, `OR`, `XOR` are the variadic members of the same group; `NOT` is the unary one, and the\n asymmetry in blank handling between them is real, not an editorial simplification.\n- De Morgan's laws relate `NOT` to `AND` and `OR` for the well-classified cases. They do **not**\n extend to the family's `#VALUE!`-on-empty-scan behaviour, which has no algebraic counterpart:\n `NOT(AND(range))` and `OR(NOT-of-each)` can differ when the range contains no truth values.\n- `<>` (`FUNC.OP_NOT_EQUAL`) is a comparison, not a complement, and is what readers usually want\n when they write `NOT(a = b)`.\n- `IFERROR` and `ISERROR` are what readers want when they write `NOT(ISERROR(...))`; the\n double-negation idiom `NOT(ISERROR(x))` is exactly `ISNUMBER`-style inspection and is often\n better written with the positive test.\n\n\n", "how-to-implement": "\n### Notes for implementers\n\n\n1. **Do not share the reducer's item classifier.** `AND`'s classifier maps blank and skipped text\n to \"contributes nothing\"; `NOT` has no such bucket and must fail instead. Reusing one function\n for both is the natural refactor and it silently changes `NOT`'s blank behaviour.\n2. The zero test must be an exact IEEE comparison against `0.0`. Negative zero compares equal to\n zero and therefore yields `TRUE` — worth a vector when a suite exists.\n3. `NOT` has no non-finite path: its result is always a logical or an error, so the publication\n policy is the default one (`NonFinite::Allow` in the classification axes) and there is no\n `#NUM!` route.\n\n\n", "quirks": "\n### Result and edge cases\n\n\nReturns a `Logical`, or an `Error`.\n\n- **Zero.** `NOT(0)` is `TRUE`. This is the case people rely on for \"is this blank-or-zero\".\n- **Any nonzero number.** `FALSE`, including negatives and very large magnitudes. There is no\n tolerance band around zero.\n- **Error input.** Propagates.\n- **Arrays.** `NOT` is a scalar-shaped function; how a multi-cell argument is handled is governed\n by the lifting rules in [Coercion and lifting](../model/02-coercion-and-lifting.md) rather than\n by anything specific to `NOT`.\n\n\n\n### Errors\n\n\n| Error | Condition |\n|---|---|\n| `#VALUE!` | The argument is text that does not read as a number, or is empty. |\n| any incoming error | Propagates unchanged. |\n\n", "sources": "- Handbook call-model chapters\n [01 The value universe](../model/01-value-universe.md) and\n [02 Coercion and lifting](../model/02-coercion-and-lifting.md).\n- `data/functions/FUNC.NOT.json`, `data/presence/FUNC.NOT.json`.\n\n\n", "version-differences": "The recorded environments below distinguish a reading from a same-input comparison. Counts describe captured inputs in each environment; overlapping captures and comparisons are not totals of unique worksheet calls.\n\n| Excel 16.0 build | Platform and CPU | Captured inputs |\n|---|---|---:|\n| 20430 | Windows, 64-bit, CPU not recorded | 1,227 |\n\nThe record contains no same-input comparison between these environments. Reading different inputs on different builds does not establish either a version change or cross-build agreement.\n\n[Recorded environments and comparison details](https://github.com/DnaCalc/ExcelFunctionsHandbook/blob/5dc75391aa5125ccc5abdb095da85950980d6fd8/content/evidence/environments/FUNC.NOT.json).", "what-it-does": "\n`NOT` returns the logical complement of the truthiness of its single argument.\n\nThe rule is two steps, and both are worth naming:\n\n1. **Truthiness.** A `Logical` is itself. A `Number` is false when it is exactly 0 and true\n otherwise. Anything that is neither must first coerce to a number, and text that does not read\n as a number fails.\n2. **Complement.** Return `TRUE` if step 1 produced false, `FALSE` if it produced true.\n\n`NOT` is the only function in Excel's logical group with a fixed arity of exactly one. It is not a\nreducer, so none of the scan and skip machinery of `AND`, `OR`, and `XOR` applies to it: there is\nno \"ignore text in a range\" rule, because there is no range scan.\n\n\n\n### Arguments\n\n\n`NOT(logical)`\n\n- The argument is *a value to test for truthiness*, not specifically a logical value. Numbers are\n admissible and are tested against zero.\n\nThe commonly misunderstood point is that `NOT` is not a filter or a set complement. `NOT(A1:A3)`\nis not \"everything except those cells\"; it is a single-value test whose behaviour on a\nmulti-cell reference is a shape question, addressed below.\n\n\n" }, "signature": { "display": "NOT(logical)", "parameters": [ { "description": null, "name": "logical", "optional": false, "repeats": false } ], "trailing_repeats": false }, "sources": { "metadata": { "admission": { "label": "implemented", "reason": null }, "arity": { "max": 1, "min": 1 }, "category": "Logical functions", "classification": { "arg_preparation_profile": "ValuesOnlyPreAdapter", "coercion_lift_profile": "Custom", "determinism_class": "Deterministic", "error_collapse_profile": "None", "fec_dependency_profile": "None", "host_interaction_class": "None", "kernel_signature_class": "Custom", "rich_value_usage": "RichBlind", "surface_fec_dependency_profile": "RefOnly", "thread_safety_class": "SafePure", "volatility_class": "NonVolatile" }, "descriptions": { "long": null, "short": "The opposite logical value", "short_source": "dna-calc-own" }, "docs": { "english_description": "Reverses the logic of its argument", "microsoft_url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/not-function-9cfc6011-a054-40c7-a140-cd4ba2d87d77" }, "entry_kind": "built_in_function", "localized_family_names": null, "localized_names": [ { "locale": "ar-SA", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "bg-BG", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "cs-CZ", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "da-DK", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "de-DE", "name": "NICHT" }, { "locale": "el-GR", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "en-AU", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "en-GB", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "en-US", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "es-ES", "name": "NO" }, { "locale": "et-EE", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "fi-FI", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "fr-FR", "name": "NON" }, { "locale": "he-IL", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "hr-HR", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "hu-HU", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "id-ID", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "it-IT", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "ja-JP", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "ko-KR", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "lt-LT", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "lv-LV", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "nb-NO", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "nl-NL", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "pl-PL", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "pt-BR", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "pt-PT", "name": "NÃO" }, { "locale": "ro-RO", "name": "NU" }, { "locale": "ru-RU", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "sk-SK", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "sl-SI", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "sr-Latn-RS", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "sv-SE", "name": "INTE" }, { "locale": "th-TH", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "tr-TR", "name": "DEĞİL" }, { "locale": "uk-UA", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "vi-VN", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "zh-CN", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "zh-HK", "name": "NOT" }, { "locale": "zh-TW", "name": "NOT" } ], "signature": { "display": "NOT(logical)", "parameters": [ { "description": null, "name": "logical", "optional": false, "repeats": false } ], "trailing_repeats": false }, "surface_name": "NOT", "version_marker": null, "xlcall": { "code": "38", "symbol": "xlfNot" } }, "microsoft": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/not-function-9cfc6011-a054-40c7-a140-cd4ba2d87d77" }, "try_it": { "formula": "=NOT(TRUE)" }, "url": "https://handbook.dnacalc.com/functions/NOT.html", "variants": [], "versions": [ { "behaviour": "1,227 captured inputs are indexed for this environment. Capture dates: 2026-09-29 to 2026-09-29. This is a reading count, not a comparison with another build.", "excel_build": "16.0 build 20430", "platform": "Windows, 64-bit, CPU not recorded", "sources": [ "https://github.com/DnaCalc/ExcelFunctionsHandbook/blob/5dc75391aa5125ccc5abdb095da85950980d6fd8/content/evidence/environments/FUNC.NOT.json" ] } ] }