SECOND

What it does

SECOND(serial_number)

SECOND(serial_number) returns the second within the minute, as an integer from 0 through 59. Excel represents a day by one unit, so 0.5 is noon. A full date-time serial can be supplied; this function extracts a clock component rather than an elapsed duration.

The argument may be a serial number, a time produced by another formula, or time text that the locale can parse. Text parsing and component extraction are separate operations.

Try it

Start with =SECOND(TIME(12,34,56)). Compare =HOUR(TIME(12,34,56)), =MINUTE(TIME(12,34,56)) and =SECOND(TIME(12,34,56)) to see the three components of the same time.

Quirks

A day has 24 hours and each hour and minute has 60 subdivisions. The component wraps; for total elapsed hours, minutes or seconds, use arithmetic on the duration rather than this extractor.

On Excel 16.0.20527.20088 for Windows, SECOND(0.5+1/86400*1.5) returns 1. The expression lies near a rounding boundary; replacing the arithmetic with exact decimal 12:00:01.5 can change the question.

The documentation describes the returned component, but does not specify every binary64 boundary or intermediate rounding. A simple floor of a scaled fractional day is therefore an incomplete compatibility specification. Invalid date/time input and negative serial handling also need the target workbook's date-system rules.

How to implement

Separate argument coercion and range checks from the clock calculation. Preserve the numeric serial as binary64. OneCalc's compatibility candidate first adds 0.5/86400 to the serial, then takes its fractional day. It multiplies by 24, takes the integer hour, multiplies the remaining fraction by 60, takes the integer minute, and multiplies the next remainder by 60 to obtain the integer second, reduced modulo 60.

That operation order matters near a boundary. Computing a single rounded total-second integer and splitting it is a sensible mathematical design, but is not established as interchangeable with this sequence. Test a value and its adjacent binary64 neighbours around each second, minute, hour and midnight transition. Do not let date formatting decide the numeric result.

Rust code

8 second_fn "SECOND" (1, 1) [V "serial_number"] |s, a, sv| {
    of_date(s, a, |x| k::hms(x).map(|(_, _, sec)| sec))
}

No implementation has been published with a Handbook test suite for this function.

Version differences

The recorded environments below distinguish a reading from a same-input comparison. Counts describe captured inputs in each environment; overlapping captures and comparisons are not totals of unique worksheet calls.

The record contains no same-input comparison between these environments. Reading different inputs on different builds does not establish either a version change or cross-build agreement.

Recorded environments and comparison details.

Alternatives

Use TIME to construct a clock value and TIMEVALUE to parse text. For elapsed time, multiplying a duration by 24, 1440 or 86400 retains the full interval. TEXT or a cell format controls presentation without extracting a numeric component.

Named variants

No named variants are recorded yet.